多线程threading 模块创建线程创建自己的线程类线程通信线程同步互斥方法线程锁@需要了解！！！

 

多线程

  • 什么是线程？

    1. 线程也是一种多任务的编程方法，可以利用计算机多核资源完成程序的并发运行。
    2. 线程又被称为轻量级进程

  • 线程的特征

    1. 线程是计算机多核分配的最小单位
    2. 一个进程可以包含多个线程
    3. 线程也是一个运行的过程，消耗计算机资源，多个线程共享进程的资源和空间
    4. 线程的创建删除消耗的资源都远远比进程小
    5. 多个线程之间执行互不干扰
    6. 线程也有自己的特有属性，比如指令集ID

threading 模块创建线程

 

  • t=threading.Thread()

    • 功能：创建线程对象

    • 参数

      • name：线程名称，如果为空则为默认值，Tread-1，Tread-2，Tread-3
      • target：线程函数
      • args：元组，给线程函数按照位置传参
      • kwargs：字典，给县城函数按照键值传参

  • t.start()：启动线程，自动运行线程函数

  • t.join([timeout])：回收进程

  • t.is_alive()：查看线程状态

  • t.name()：查看线程名称

  • t.setName()：设置线程名称

  • t.daemon属性：默认主线成退出不影响分支线程继续执行,如果设置为True则分支线程随着主线程一起退出

    • 设置方法

      • t.daemon = True

      • t.setDaemon(Ture)

         
  •  1 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 2 from threading import Thread
 3 from time import sleep
 4 import os
 5 ​
 6 # 创建线程函数
 7 def music():
 8     sleep(2)
 9     print("分支线程")
10 ​
11 t = Thread(target = music)
12 # t.start()   # ******************************
13 print("主线程结束---------")
14 ​
15 '''没有设置的打印结果
16 主线程结束---------
17 分支线程
18 '''
19 ​
20 '''设置为True打印结果
21 主线程结束---------
22 '''

     

  • threading.currentThread：获取当前线程对象

 

@此处代码示意子线程共享同一个进程内的变量

 
 1   #!/usr/bin/env python3
 2   from threading import Thread
 3   from time import sleep
 4   import os
 5   
 6   # 创建线程函数
 7   def music():
 8       global a
 9       print("a=",a)
10       a = 10000
11       for i in range(5):
12           sleep(1)
13           print("1212")
14   
15   a = 1
16   t = Thread(target = music)
17   t.start()
18   t.join()
19   print("主线程的a =",a)

 

创建自己的线程类

考察点：类的使用，调用父类的__init__方法，函数*传参和**传参

  
 1  
 2   
 3 from threading import Thread
 4 import time
 5 ​
 6 class MyThread(Thread):
 7     name1 = 'MyThread-1'
 8     def __init__(self,target,args=(), kwargs={}, name = 'MyThread-1'):
 9         super().__init__()
10         self.name = name
11         self.target = target
12         self.args = args
13         self.kwargs = kwargs
14     def run(self):
15         self.target(*self.args,**self.kwargs)
16 ​
17 def player(song,sec):
18     for i in range(2):
19         print("播放 %s：%s"%(song,time.ctime()))
20         time.sleep(sec)
21 ​
22 t =MyThread(target = player, args = ('亮亮',2))
23 ​
24 t.start()
25 t.join()
26 ​

 

线程通信

通信方法：由于多个线程共享进程的内存空间，所以线程间通信可以使用全局变量完成

注意事项：线程间使用全局变量往往要同步互斥机制保证通信的安全

线程同步互斥方法

  • event

  • e = threading.Event():创建事件对象

  • e.wait([timeout])：设置状态，如果已经设置，那么这个函数将阻塞，timeout为超时时间

  • e.set：将e变成设置状态

  • e.clear：删除设置状态

      
import threading
from time import sleep

def fun1():
    print("bar拜山头")
    global s
    s = "天王盖地虎"

def fun2():
    sleep(4)
    global s
    print("我把限制解除了")
    e.set()     # 解除限制，释放资源

def fun3():
    e.wait() # 检测限制
    print("说出口令")
    global s
    if s == "天王盖地虎":
        print("宝塔镇河妖，自己人")
    else:
        print("打死他")
    s = "哈哈哈哈哈哈"

# 创建同步互斥对象
e = threading.Event()
# 创建新线程
f1 = threading.Thread(target = fun1)
f3 = threading.Thread(target = fun3)
f2 = threading.Thread(target = fun2)
# 开启线程
f1.start()
f3.start()
f2.start()
#准备回收
f1.join()
f3.join()
f2.join()

 

线程锁

  • lock = threading.Lock()：创建锁对象
  • lock.acquire()：上锁
  • lock.release()：解锁

也可以用过with来上锁

  
1 with lock:
2     ...
3     ...

 

 

@需要了解！！！

  • Python线程的GIL问题（全局解释器）：

    python—->支持多线程—->同步互斥问题—->加锁解决—->超级锁（给解释器加锁）—->解释器同一时刻只能解释一个线程—>导致效率低下

  • 后果：

    一个解释器同一时刻只能解释执行一个线程，所以导致Python线程效率低下，但是当遇到IO阻塞时线程会主动让出解释器，因此Pyhton线程更加适合高延迟的IO程序并发

  • 解决方案

    • 尽量使用进程完成并发（和没说一样）
    • 不适当用C解释器 （用C# ,JAVA)
    • 尽量使用多种方案组合的方式进行并发操作，线程用作高延迟IO

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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ul:last-child,ol:last-child { margin-bottom: 0px }
blockquote { border-left: 4px solid rgb(223, 226, 229); padding: 0px 15px; color: rgb(119, 119, 119) }
blockquote blockquote { padding-right: 0px }
table { padding: 0px }
table tr { border-top: 1px solid rgb(223, 226, 229); margin: 0px; padding: 0px }
table tr:nth-child(2n),thead { background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248) }
table tr th { font-weight: bold; border-width: 1px 1px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(223, 226, 229); border-right-color: rgb(223, 226, 229); border-left-color: rgb(223, 226, 229); border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; text-align: left; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 13px }
table tr td { border: 1px solid rgb(223, 226, 229); text-align: left; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 13px }
table tr th:first-child,table tr td:first-child { margin-top: 0px }
table tr th:last-child,table tr td:last-child { margin-bottom: 0px }
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.md-fences,code,tt { border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); padding: 2px 4px 0px; font-size: 0.9em }
code { background-color: rgb(243, 244, 244); padding: 0px 4px 2px }
.md-fences { margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; padding: 8px 1em 6px }
.md-task-list-item>input { margin-left: -1.3em }
.md-fences { background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248) }
#write pre.md-meta-block { padding: 1rem; font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.45; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); border: 0px; color: rgb(119, 119, 119); margin-top: 0px !important }
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.md-mathjax-midline { background: rgb(250, 250, 250) }
#write>h3.md-focus::before { left: -1.5625rem; top: 0.375rem }
#write>h4.md-focus::before { left: -1.5625rem; top: 0.285714rem }
#write>h5.md-focus::before { left: -1.5625rem; top: 0.285714rem }
#write>h6.md-focus::before { left: -1.5625rem; top: 0.285714rem }
.md-image>.md-meta { padding: 2px 0px 0px 4px; font-size: 0.9em; color: inherit }
.md-tag { color: rgb(167, 167, 167); opacity: 1 }
.md-toc { margin-top: 20px; padding-bottom: 20px }
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#typora-quick-open { border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248) }
#typora-quick-open-item { background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250); border-color: rgb(254, 254, 254) rgb(229, 229, 229) rgb(229, 229, 229) rgb(238, 238, 238); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px }
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header,.context-menu,.megamenu-content,footer { font-family: “Segoe UI”, Arial, sans-serif }
.file-node-content:hover .file-node-icon,.file-node-content:hover .file-node-open-state { visibility: visible }
.mac-seamless-mode #typora-sidebar { background-color: var(–side-bar-bg-color) }
.md-lang { color: rgb(180, 101, 77) }
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.typora-export p,.typora-export .footnote-line { white-space: normal }
#MySignature { display: none; background-color: rgba(178,232,102,0.65); padding: 10px; line-height: 1.5; font-size: 16px; font-family: “Microsoft Yahei” }

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