上次做了个很酷的不规则窗体,这次我们来弄点好看的按钮出来。
此次将采用纯代码来设计按钮样式,不需要 Microsoft Expression Design 辅助了。
首先打开 Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 ,新建一个WPF项目,在上面随便放几个按钮…
上次做了个很酷的不规则窗体,这次我们来弄点好看的按钮出来,此次将采用纯代码来设计按钮样式,不需要 Microsoft Expression Design 辅助了。
首先打开 Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 ,新建一个WPF项目,在上面随便放几个按钮:

然后给各个按钮设置不同的背景颜色:

设置好之后就是这样啦:

然后我们就开始在 App.xaml 文件中定义按钮样式了:

定义的样式代码如下:

Code
<Application x:Class=”WPFButton.App”
xmlns=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation”
xmlns:x=”http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml”
StartupUri=”Window1.xaml”>
<Application.Resources>
<!–定义按钮样式–>
<Style TargetType=”Button”>
<Setter Property=”Foreground” Value=”Black”/>
<!–修改模板属性–>
<Setter Property=”Template”>
<Setter.Value>
<!–控件模板–>
<ControlTemplate TargetType=”Button”>
<!–背景色–>
<Border x:Name=”back” Opacity=”0.8″ CornerRadius=”3″>
<Border.BitmapEffect>
<OuterGlowBitmapEffect Opacity=”0.7″ GlowSize=”0″ GlowColor=”{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}, Path=(Button.Background).(SolidColorBrush.Color)}“ />
</Border.BitmapEffect>
<Border.Background>
<LinearGradientBrush StartPoint=”0,0″ EndPoint=”0,1.5″>
<GradientBrush.GradientStops>
<GradientStopCollection>
<GradientStop Color=”{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}, Path=(Button.Background).(SolidColorBrush.Color)}“ Offset=”0″/>
<GradientStop Color=”{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}, Path=(Button.Background).(SolidColorBrush.Color)}“ Offset=”0.4″/>
<GradientStop Color=”#FFF” Offset=”1″/>
</GradientStopCollection>
</GradientBrush.GradientStops>
</LinearGradientBrush>
</Border.Background>
<!–前景色及边框–>
<Border x:Name=”fore” BorderThickness=”1″ CornerRadius=”3″ BorderBrush=”#5555″>
<Border.Background>
<LinearGradientBrush StartPoint=”0,0″ EndPoint=”0,1″>
<GradientBrush.GradientStops>
<GradientStopCollection>
<GradientStop Color=”#6FFF” Offset=”0.5″/>
<GradientStop Color=”#1111″ Offset=”0.51″/>
</GradientStopCollection>
</GradientBrush.GradientStops>
</LinearGradientBrush>
</Border.Background>
<!–按钮内容–>
<ContentPresenter x:Name=”content” HorizontalAlignment=”Center” VerticalAlignment=”Center” Content=”{TemplateBinding Content}“>
<ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect>
<DropShadowBitmapEffect Color=”#000″ Direction=”-90″ ShadowDepth=”2″ Softness=”0.1″ Opacity=”0.3″ />
</ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect>
</ContentPresenter>
</Border>
</Border>
<!–触发器–>
<ControlTemplate.Triggers>
<!–鼠标移入移出–>
<Trigger Property=”IsMouseOver” Value=”True”>
<Trigger.EnterActions>
<BeginStoryboard>
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimation To=”6″ Duration=”0:0:0.2″ Storyboard.TargetName=”back” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)” />
<ColorAnimation To=”#AFFF” BeginTime=”0:0:0.2″ Duration=”0:0:0.2″ Storyboard.TargetName=”fore” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)” />
<ColorAnimation To=”#3FFF” BeginTime=”0:0:0.2″ Duration=”0:0:0.2″ Storyboard.TargetName=”fore” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)” />
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
</Trigger.EnterActions>
<Trigger.ExitActions>
<BeginStoryboard>
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimation Duration=”0:0:0.2″ Storyboard.TargetName=”back” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)” />
<ColorAnimation Duration=”0:0:0.2″ Storyboard.TargetName=”fore” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)” />
<ColorAnimation Duration=”0:0:0.2″ Storyboard.TargetName=”fore” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)” />
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
</Trigger.ExitActions>
</Trigger>
<!–按钮按下弹起–>
<Trigger Property=”IsPressed” Value=”True”>
<Trigger.EnterActions>
<BeginStoryboard>
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimation To=”3″ Duration=”0:0:0.1″ Storyboard.TargetName=”back” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)” />
<ColorAnimation To=”#3AAA” Duration=”0:0:0.1″ Storyboard.TargetName=”fore” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)” />
<ColorAnimation To=”#2111″ Duration=”0:0:0.1″ Storyboard.TargetName=”fore” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)” />
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
</Trigger.EnterActions>
<Trigger.ExitActions>
<BeginStoryboard>
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimation Duration=”0:0:0.1″ Storyboard.TargetName=”back” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)” />
<ColorAnimation Duration=”0:0:0.1″ Storyboard.TargetName=”fore” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)” />
<ColorAnimation Duration=”0:0:0.1″ Storyboard.TargetName=”fore” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)” />
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
</Trigger.ExitActions>
</Trigger>
<!–按钮失效–>
<Trigger Property=”IsEnabled” Value=”False”>
<Setter Property=”Foreground” Value=”#B444″/>
<Trigger.EnterActions>
<BeginStoryboard>
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimation To=”0″ Duration=”0:0:0.3″ Storyboard.TargetName=”back” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)” />
<DoubleAnimation To=”1″ Duration=”0:0:0.1″ Storyboard.TargetName=”content” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Opacity)” />
<DoubleAnimation To=”-135″ Duration=”0:0:0.1″ Storyboard.TargetName=”content” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Direction)” />
<ColorAnimation To=”#FFF” Duration=”0:0:0.3″ Storyboard.TargetName=”content” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Color)” />
<ColorAnimation To=”#D555″ Duration=”0:0:0.3″ Storyboard.TargetName=”fore” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(Border.BorderBrush).(SolidColorBrush.Color)” />
<ColorAnimation To=”#CEEE” Duration=”0:0:0.3″ Storyboard.TargetName=”fore” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)” />
<ColorAnimation To=”#CDDD” Duration=”0:0:0.3″ Storyboard.TargetName=”fore” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)” />
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
</Trigger.EnterActions>
<Trigger.ExitActions>
<BeginStoryboard>
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimation Duration=”0:0:0.1″ Storyboard.TargetName=”back” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)” />
<DoubleAnimation Duration=”0:0:0.1″ Storyboard.TargetName=”content” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Opacity)” />
<DoubleAnimation Duration=”0:0:0.1″ Storyboard.TargetName=”content” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Direction)” />
<ColorAnimation Duration=”0:0:0.1″ Storyboard.TargetName=”content” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Color)” />
<ColorAnimation Duration=”0:0:0.1″ Storyboard.TargetName=”fore” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(Border.BorderBrush).(SolidColorBrush.Color)” />
<ColorAnimation Duration=”0:0:0.1″ Storyboard.TargetName=”fore” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)” />
<ColorAnimation Duration=”0:0:0.1″ Storyboard.TargetName=”fore” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)” />
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
</Trigger.ExitActions>
</Trigger>
</ControlTemplate.Triggers>
</ControlTemplate>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Style>
</Application.Resources>
</Application>
看了先不要头大,我们先看看最终效果,然后回过头来再解释代码:

这是常规样式

这个是鼠标移到上面时的样式
这个是鼠标点击时的样式

还有就是按钮失效时的样式
效果还算不错吧,下面来讲解代码喽,头晕的同学可以现在就收拾东西回家了哈。

我们先来看这个命名为“back”的 Border 元素,它用它的 Background 属性充当了整个按钮的背景色。
<Border.Background>
<LinearGradientBrush StartPoint=”0,0″ EndPoint=”0,1.5″>
<GradientBrush.GradientStops>
<GradientStopCollection>
<GradientStop Color=”{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}, Path=(Button.Background).(SolidColorBrush.Color)}“ Offset=”0″/>
<GradientStop Color=”{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}, Path=(Button.Background).(SolidColorBrush.Color)}“ Offset=”0.4″/>
<GradientStop Color=”#FFF” Offset=”1″/>
</GradientStopCollection>
</GradientBrush.GradientStops>
</LinearGradientBrush>
</Border.Background>
其背景所用的是一个渐变笔刷,起始值和中间值都是引用的按钮本身的背景色,就是我们之前设置过的颜色啦,终止值是白色,这样通过位置调整,我们可以在按钮最下部产生一些向白色的过度色彩效果。
<Border.BitmapEffect>
<OuterGlowBitmapEffect Opacity=”0.7″ GlowSize=”0″ GlowColor=”{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}, Path=(Button.Background).(SolidColorBrush.Color)}“ />
</Border.BitmapEffect>
它的 BitmapEffect 属性我们设置了一个大小为 0 的外发光效果,平常是看不见这效果的,在这里预先设置好,是为了在鼠标移入、按下时实现动画使用。

再来看看这个命名为“fore”的 Border 元素,它实现的是按钮的边框和高亮反光效果,我为它设置了一个半透明的黑色1像素边框,使得这个边框的色彩可以和背景色混合起来。
<Border.Background>
<LinearGradientBrush StartPoint=”0,0″ EndPoint=”0,1″>
<GradientBrush.GradientStops>
<GradientStopCollection>
<GradientStop Color=”#6FFF” Offset=”0.5″/>
<GradientStop Color=”#1111″ Offset=”0.51″/>
</GradientStopCollection>
</GradientBrush.GradientStops>
</LinearGradientBrush>
</Border.Background>
它的背景同样采用的渐变笔刷,起始值和终止值的位置几乎贴在一起,从而形成比较鲜明的反光度对比。

ContentPresenter 元素用于呈现按钮原本的内容,对于按钮来说就是按钮上的文字了,当然也可能会存在图片或其它东西。
<ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect>
<DropShadowBitmapEffect Color=”#000″ Direction=”-90″ ShadowDepth=”2″ Softness=”0.1″ Opacity=”0.3″ />
</ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect>
我为之加了一个不太明显的阴影滤镜以增强显示效果。

剩下的就是些可爱又该死的 Trigger ,我们通过这些触发器来改变按钮在不同状态时的外观。
<!–鼠标移入移出–>
<Trigger Property=”IsMouseOver” Value=”True”>
<Trigger.EnterActions>
<BeginStoryboard>
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimation To=”6″ Duration=”0:0:0.2″ Storyboard.TargetName=”back” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)” />
<ColorAnimation To=”#AFFF” BeginTime=”0:0:0.2″ Duration=”0:0:0.2″ Storyboard.TargetName=”fore” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)” />
<ColorAnimation To=”#3FFF” BeginTime=”0:0:0.2″ Duration=”0:0:0.2″ Storyboard.TargetName=”fore” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)” />
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
</Trigger.EnterActions>
<Trigger.ExitActions>
<BeginStoryboard>
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimation Duration=”0:0:0.2″ Storyboard.TargetName=”back” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)” />
<ColorAnimation Duration=”0:0:0.2″ Storyboard.TargetName=”fore” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)” />
<ColorAnimation Duration=”0:0:0.2″ Storyboard.TargetName=”fore” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)” />
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
</Trigger.ExitActions>
</Trigger>
在鼠标移入按钮时,我依次创建了改变外发光效果大小、改变上部反光区域颜色、改变下部反光区域颜色的动画,这里的要点就在于“Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)””属性设置语句,琢磨一下你就能看出这是对属性路径的描述,只不过它们写起来和看起来都很让人生气。
<!–按钮按下弹起–>
<Trigger Property=”IsPressed” Value=”True”>
<Trigger.EnterActions>
<BeginStoryboard>
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimation To=”3″ Duration=”0:0:0.1″ Storyboard.TargetName=”back” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)” />
<ColorAnimation To=”#3AAA” Duration=”0:0:0.1″ Storyboard.TargetName=”fore” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)” />
<ColorAnimation To=”#2111″ Duration=”0:0:0.1″ Storyboard.TargetName=”fore” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)” />
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
</Trigger.EnterActions>
<Trigger.ExitActions>
<BeginStoryboard>
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimation Duration=”0:0:0.1″ Storyboard.TargetName=”back” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)” />
<ColorAnimation Duration=”0:0:0.1″ Storyboard.TargetName=”fore” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)” />
<ColorAnimation Duration=”0:0:0.1″ Storyboard.TargetName=”fore” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)” />
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
</Trigger.ExitActions>
</Trigger>
按下和弹起按钮时,我们做了相似的动画改变,与前面相比只是数值略微不同。
<!–按钮失效–>
<Trigger Property=”IsEnabled” Value=”False”>
<Setter Property=”Foreground” Value=”#B444″/>
<Trigger.EnterActions>
<BeginStoryboard>
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimation To=”0″ Duration=”0:0:0.3″ Storyboard.TargetName=”back” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)” />
<DoubleAnimation To=”1″ Duration=”0:0:0.1″ Storyboard.TargetName=”content” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Opacity)” />
<DoubleAnimation To=”-135″ Duration=”0:0:0.1″ Storyboard.TargetName=”content” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Direction)” />
<ColorAnimation To=”#FFF” Duration=”0:0:0.3″ Storyboard.TargetName=”content” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Color)” />
<ColorAnimation To=”#D555″ Duration=”0:0:0.3″ Storyboard.TargetName=”fore” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(Border.BorderBrush).(SolidColorBrush.Color)” />
<ColorAnimation To=”#CEEE” Duration=”0:0:0.3″ Storyboard.TargetName=”fore” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)” />
<ColorAnimation To=”#CDDD” Duration=”0:0:0.3″ Storyboard.TargetName=”fore” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)” />
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
</Trigger.EnterActions>
<Trigger.ExitActions>
<BeginStoryboard>
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimation Duration=”0:0:0.1″ Storyboard.TargetName=”back” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)” />
<DoubleAnimation Duration=”0:0:0.1″ Storyboard.TargetName=”content” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Opacity)” />
<DoubleAnimation Duration=”0:0:0.1″ Storyboard.TargetName=”content” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Direction)” />
<ColorAnimation Duration=”0:0:0.1″ Storyboard.TargetName=”content” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Color)” />
<ColorAnimation Duration=”0:0:0.1″ Storyboard.TargetName=”fore” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(Border.BorderBrush).(SolidColorBrush.Color)” />
<ColorAnimation Duration=”0:0:0.1″ Storyboard.TargetName=”fore” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)” />
<ColorAnimation Duration=”0:0:0.1″ Storyboard.TargetName=”fore” Storyboard.TargetProperty=”(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)” />
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
</Trigger.ExitActions>
</Trigger>
当按钮失效时,我要改变很多东西,首先将文字颜色设为灰色,然后依次创建了改变外发光效果大小、改变内容阴影效果不透明度、改变内容阴影效果角度、改变内容阴影效果颜色、改变按钮边框颜色、改变上部反光区域颜色、改变下部反光区域颜色的动画。
这里将先前对内容应用的阴影效果彻底改变,使之产生凹陷的效果。
好了,到这里就下课啦,文章有点冗长了,但应该对新手很有帮助,老鸟估计现在已经梦游仙境了吧。
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